Our stamps are graded according to the following conditions: UM Unmounted Mint As issued by the Post Office with good gum and all perforations complete. MM Mounted Mint As above but with hinge marks on the reverse. AVM Average Mint UM or MM stamps which have small defects, ie gum crease, perf faults, heavy hinge marks, disturbed gum etc. These are still very collectable stamps. DEFM Defective Mint Stamps with heavy creasing, thins, missing perforations etc. Many unused Victorian stamps do not necessarily have original gum. Where they do this is stated in the description. VFU Very Fine Used Stamps with circular postmarks (or equivalent on earlier issues) - undamaged. FU Fine Used Stamps with circular date stamp which are not quite so fine as above or commercially used light wavy lines. AVU Average Used Stamps with cancellations as above but with small defects or stamps with heavier parcel/circular postmarks. Same as good used. DEFU Defective Used Any of the above grades but with small defects, small thins, tears, creases, clipped perfs. AVUM Average Unmounted Mint As UM but with faults. AVMM Average Mounted Mint As MM but with faults. FDC First Day Cover These covers are normally illustrated (unless otherwise stated) and have a set of stamps postmarked on the day of issue. PACK Presentation Pack These are the official Post Office presentation packs containing the mint set of stamps on a black card together with a printed description of the stamps etc.

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